Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Reading response - Essay Example Likewise, Hitler understood propaganda as the best medicine to have the masses embrace a particular ideology. Instead of having intellectual propaganda that could only be understood by the intellectually gifted, Hitler believed that the masses are gullible and any effective propaganda had to be in its simplest possible form. However, such propaganda had to have a few, but strong slogans that evoked emotions among the public to elicit the required reactions. Considering the public has limited understanding and would not digest too many materials, Hitler maintained in using a few scale but emotions-evoking points as the best tool for propaganda but with great effectiveness in swaying the public. There have been some cases of propaganda in the United States most of which are related to its foreign ideologies and warfare. For example, a general propaganda was used to justify attacking and dethroning Saddam Hussein from power on the pretext that he had weapons of mass destruction which posed a high risk not only to American citizens, but also to the whole world. Spreading the propaganda created fear attracted support for the U.S and her allies to attack Iraq though nothing of the weapons as claimed was found. Similar propaganda are spread about the possibility of terrorist attacks within American territory to ensure everyone is vigilant in guaranteeing home

Globalization and Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Globalization and Technology - Essay Example When all things are considered, the relationship between globalization and technology is very strong. Technology supports globalization because of what it allows businesses and individuals to do now that they could not do before. As one author notes, there is "widespread agreement that information technology (defined to include telecommunications, computer hardware and software and access to the Internet) serves to promote globalization and that this influence is transmitted through a wide variety of different mechanisms" (James 507). When one considers the day-to-day effects of new technology, it is not difficult to understand this point. For example, before the Internet and email, international communication was by telephone or regular postal delivery. Before integrated software was developed, businesses had no way of efficiently working with one another across international lines. The pure speed at which businesses can operate together has been increased dramatically, making business markets more efficient. Economic globalization puts national economies into the same markets as o ther countries and, as the markets become more "interconnected," these national economies become "increasingly interdependent" (Lupel 156). Most people see globalization and this relationship between countries as a good thing. ... .[or] a group of software experts from Bulgaria can communicate about technical matters with their counterparts in the United States and understand them perfectly well...it is a miracle [that] does not even begin to describe how fast we have advanced and how far we have come in terms of technology and globalization" (Samli 2). For sure, these abilities have been made possible by new technologies, and the advance of technology still to come will only increase this concept. Some people do not think that technology has driven globalization, but that it has followed it. In other words, it isn't because of technology that we have globalization; it is because of globalization that we use the technology. One author says it like this: "...in spite of the enthusiasm for science that accompanied each wave of globalization, as a historical rule it was primarily commerce and finance that drove globalization, not science or technology" (Pettis 52). I don't think that this position makes that much difference in how the two things work together. Whether technology causes globalization or globalization makes technology improve is not that important; the point is that technology is a very important part of globalization and plays a strong role in supporting its growth and efficiency. The relationship between globalization and technology is very strong. Technology supports the process because it helps individuals, companies, and entire national economies work together to become more efficient. There is also a social aspect because different cultures are being exposed to one another, which promotes more business and understanding. Whether the technology comes in the form of telecommunication, new computer software, or just an Internet chat room, the world is

A Review Of Employee Management Systems Information Technology Essay

A Review Of Employee Management Systems Information Technology Essay Nowadays, Employee Management System is being adopted by many sectors in the real world whether it is small or large scale. But currently most of the fast food restaurant does not have this system implement to the website. Thus, the author decided to develop a web-based employee management system for fast food restaurant. The system will be built consists of human resource management function such as leave request, employee report and job application, this function will be integrated to this web-based system. The aim of this project is to design and develop a web based Employee Management System using PHP and MySQL. In this project, a web-based Employee Management System will be developed for Carls Fast Food restaurant to manage employee job information, working schedule, leave request, employee report on achievement, training and evaluations. In addition the system will also manage job application information that apply job online by visitor. In this web-based system basically it has 4 main users that are administrator, manager, employee and visitor. For employee, manager and administrator they can login to the system through online to perform their different task respectively that available for them, for visitor they can apply job. Where manager can do managerial work such as view/modify/create employee report, in addition it also can approve/deny/view leave request, accept/decline/view interview for job candidate, search for employee information and modify/view employee schedule. Manager can upload a doc file to the administrator, if there is any change about employee and manager information. In addition manager can search for specific employee information, view and print information. In employee, it can request leave and check for leave request whether their leave is approve or deny. Employee also can view working schedule that has been arrange by the manager and search for colleague to view their basic information. Administrator has just a small task such as create new user if there is any new employee, manager and administrator. In addition, it also can modify user information and delete user, and download doc file that uploaded by the manager to update the require information. And lastly the visitor can apply job online through the job application This web-based system is important where it can improve the way of managing and keep track of employee information such as leave request, employee performance report and others. Thus, this can determine the success level of the fast food restaurant. 1.1 Company Background Carls Fast Food Restaurant is one of the fast food restaurants in Malaysia, located at Cheras, Kuala Lumpur which founded in the year of 2008. This fast food restaurant is relatively similar to another fast food restaurant, which primarily sells french fries, fried chicken, hamburger and soft drinks. The restaurant has a traditional way and manual system of managing their employee information, hence the restaurant itself has the intention to improve the management of their employee. 1.2 Problem Statement One of the problems of the current Carls Fast Food restaurant is, they still using the manual way of managing the employee information and records, in term of keeping employee information such as employee leave request, employee report, and employee working schedule. The existing management task on keeping employee records and information of the still has to be done manually by hand written and record it in paper document. Employee records is not always reliable because is it hand written and might cause human error for example manager might write a wrong title in a report. Data duplication problem might happen when manager cant find require information. There is a possibility that data might get misplace when doing manual filling. Due too many data and paperwork that needed to record it could consume a lot of space in the filling cabinet. The retrieval of data can time consuming because it has to be searched from the filling cabinet. This will cause waste of resource in term of time and money. In addition it would also cause inconvenience and ineffectiveness in daily work. Plus, the manger will face difficulties when need to update employee working schedule, report and leave request, In the employee point of view, when they need to request for leave they need to fill in a leave request form manually and submit to manager personally and wait for confirmation, this is time consuming. Other than that, if there are any changes in working schedule, employee might have wrong information in the working schedule because the schedule might not update immediately, therefore the employee might not satisfy with the working schedule. 1.3 Objective The main objective of this project is to develop a web-based employee management system for Carls Fast Food Restaurant. The project objective is important because it define the purpose of the project. William (2009) identifies one of the reasons of project objective: They help frame the project. If you know the project objectives, you can determine the deliverables needed to achieve the objectives. The objectives of this project are as shown below: To understand and defining the fast food restaurant requirement for an employee management system. This objective is to ensure the greater understanding of fat food restaurant when developing an employee management system To analyses and designing a database suitable for the fast food restaurant This objective is crucial because it serve as a mainstay of the employee management system Build up a database that will store information such as employee working schedule, leave request, report, and job application and employee details. To perform a programming language analysis, compare and contrast the different programming language, which to use to develop the system This objective is to analyses information that has been collected. Select a suitable programming language to implement the system. To design a user interface for the fast food employee management system This objective is to design a user web interface that is user-friendly To allow a better and more flexible employee management system for this fast food restaurant. Improve the employee management of the fast food restaurant, analyses a better way to review data and ensure the system can adapt the specification needs. Improve efficiency of information management and improve data integrity To provide better capabilities for manager. Improve the capabilities and managerial work for manager to record employee report, employee leave request, employee working schedule and job application information for job candidate on interview. Improve better viewing of employee and job candidate information such as employee report and job application. To provide capabilities for administrator Where administrator can manage employee, manager and administrator information such as create new user and user information maintenance. To provide capabilities for employee To allow employee have better information and viewing of working schedule. Allow employee to search for their colleague information. 1.4 Scope This system will be focusing on developing of a web-based employee management system that would suit the fast food restaurant. The project scope is important because it define the need of the project. The main module is leave request, approve/deny leave. check approve/deny and employee report. Employee information management module will keep track of employee report. Another module is employee working schedule, with this working schedule in the system employee work time can be manage more effectively. The last module is accept/decline interview of job candidate that has been applied by visitor through job application. There are 4 main users in this system. One of the users is visitors, who like to apply job for the fast food restaurant. Employee is also one of user that able to apply leave online, check leave approve/deny and view working schedule. Manager of the restaurant able to view, print, modify, remove and create employee report, leaver request, working schedule. For administrator, it can create, modify, and remove new user. In this project, the web-based employee management system has several modules and feature, as listed below: Job application for website visitor Login page for administrator, manager and employee Account setting for 3 user (User profile and change password) Online leave request Check Approve/Deny leave View working schedule Search for colleague information Create new user for administrator, manager and employee User information maintenance Download doc file to update manager and employee information Approve/Deny leave request View approve/deny leave request View/Modify/Remove/Create employee report (Achievements, Training and Evaluations) View and modify employee working schedule Accept/Decline/View interview for job candidate View and print information Upload doc file to administrator. Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Martyn Shuttleworth (2009) defines that A literature review is a critical and in depth evaluation of previous research. It is a summary and synopsis of a particular area of research, allowing anybody reading the paper to establish why you are pursuing this particular research program. A literature review is a summary research on existing of journal, articles, and other appropriate sources. 2.2 Fact Finding and Technique The author will conduct research to understand more about the of web-based employee management system by come up with question and answer. The author will also conduct a research of existing employee management system, to gather more information about employee management system. In addition, the author will discuss the advantages of web-based system over manual system. The chosen technique such as research, interview and surveillance will be use to gather information. Most of the research is based on Internet searches. 2.3 Definition of Web-Based Employee Management System. In order to have better understanding of the term web-based employee management system, the author will break it down into few terms and perform research about it that are web-based, employee, management system and employee management system. 2.3.1 What is Web-based? Bestbrief.com, (n.d.) provides a meaning of web-based: Web-based is Information or an application made available via the World Wide Web. It is accessible anywhere in the world as long as there is an Internet connection. Basically web-based also known web application, where is it convenient to the users, can log on to web-based system through the Internet using a web browser. 2.3.2 What is an Employee? It is defines that An employee is an individual who was hired by an employer to do a specific job. The employee is hired by the employer after an application and interview process results in his or her selection as an employee.(Susan n.d.). Employees play the most important roles in business where it can determine the success stage of a company. 2.3.3 What is Management System? Bluerockassociates.co.uk, (n.d.) defines that: Management systems are those systems that are used to help operate a business successfully. They work by helping to make it function correctly, by creating a management framework within which decisions are made and in which processes operate. Management system is crucial because it can assist the organisation by setting objective and outline the plan to improve and manage the organisation. 2.3.4 What is Employee Management System? Alan (2009) argues that Employee Management System is all about workforce, thus businesses that are serious about proper workforce should use employee management system. Employee management system is used to does the work of assembling, managing and organizing the valid information about the employees of a company. From another point of view, employee management system can assist an organisation to maintain employee performance report and keep track all of employee information, this can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the organisation. 2.4 The term of human resources in market The term such Human Resources Information System (HRIS), Human Resources Management system (HRMS), Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP), Employee Management System (EMS), from the author point of view those terms is relatively has the same connotation and there is not much difference in meaning. The terms that the author stated just now are few of the term in human resources market, there are still other term arising in the human resources market. Clay (2008) argues that It seems like the more simple terms which may have been created by IT people or programmers slowly become replaced by more sophisticated terms created in the marketing world. The difference that might have is the module or functionality of the system. For example a company requires a system that can manage their employee training information, the term for it most likely will be Employee Training Management (ETM). It usually depends on the requirement of the company or organisation. Madison et.al (2010) describes that When a difference between personnel management and human resources is recognized, human resources is described as much broader in scope than personnel management. 2.5 Existing System The employee management system available in the market currently is similar to human resources management, employee leave management, and employee performance management. On the other hand, the scopes are smaller for restaurant and do not provides much management system for restaurant like Carls Fast Food. Below show the links of HRMS software that purchase by companies to manage employee: http://ubshelp.com/software-lists/ubs-human-resource-management-system.html http://www.hr2000.com.my/product.htm The HRMS software as stated is a software that need to install to a computer in order to run the software. The features that UBS has mainly is to manage employee information such personal details, education, employment history, salaries listing, and many more features for managing employee. It also has report in employee training, skills and leave. For hr2000, it has 2 main products that are QUICK PAY and QUICK STAFF. In QUICK PAY it has features such as management reports, data import export feature, and many more features that mostly about payment, salary, tax computation and shift rates. In QUICK STAFF it has features to manage employee historical information and human resources that consists of accident, appraisal, benefit, career development, education history and many more modules for managing employee information. Both HRMS software is powerful to cater company that managing employee in a centralized way. However, there is some problem, that it needs to install the software t o a computer to run the system, where it can cause time consuming and for some cases user have to log on to a specific computer to use the system. The problem the author just stated just now doesnt mean that the software is not good or inappropriate, the suitable word to describe it should be lacking. Therefore, a web-based system would be much more advantages over the HRMS software that the author point out above, below shown the links of web-based system. http://www.orangehrm.com/ http://whentowork.com Although web-based system has many advantages, it also has their own weaknesses or disadvantages. The user might have problem of login to the system due to the internet connection speed is slow and not stable, this can disrupt the daily task of the user. There will be a security issue such as virus threat, viruses might be able to corrupt or delete data. Another security issue is unauthorised access to the hosting server that stored the data, hacker can break into the network to steal, view, delete and change information such as password and confidential information. The advantages web-based will be discuss more detail in the next section of this chapter that is advantages of web-based system over manual system, comparison of comprised system manual system and benefits of web-based system. 2.6 Advantages of web-based system over manual system In this section advantages of web-based system over manual system research will be conducted because it can identify the concurrent problem of Carls Fast Food restaurant facing due to the restaurant itself mainly record their employee information in a manual system. Furthermore, it can assist the author when developing this project because the term of web-based system is related and relevant to the web-based employee management system that the author is going to develop. Although manual system is relatively low cost but it is time-consuming to access data held in a manual filing system.(Deskdemon.com n.d.). Since, the paper and document is store in the filling cabinet, as task or work amount increase on paperwork this will consume a lot of space in filling cabinet. Furthermore, if the task of a manager increase, it can lead to cause data miss-filling because too much of task to be perform. In web-based system, it can eliminate paper costs or reduce paperwork as daily task can be done by using computer and internet technology. This therefore, can increase the effectiveness of daily task and information can be manageable. In addition information maintaining and updating can be more systematic. From other point of view, the manual system has to records data by hand written manually into paper, it could cause the information to be incorrect or inaccurate because that might be possibilities that the manager accidentally written the incorrect information in the document. Other than that, it can cause data duplication because some task has to be repeatedly over and over again. While in web-based system, Everything is computerised managers just have to enter the specific information into the system.(John n.d.). Since everything is computerised possibilities of error can be reduced greatly. Moreover, it can avoid data duplication because most of the computerised system there will be a data deduplication. Data deduplication is essentially refers to the elimination of redundant data, if there is any data duplication, the duplicate data will be deleted and leaving only one copy of data to be stored. (Webopedia n.d.). The retrieval data is time consuming and slow as it has to search the records or information manually, from different filling cabinet area. Since the data is store in filling cabinet, the data might fall into wrong and use it against the organisaiton. Moreover, if the data in the manual record document lost, the will be lost completely. While in web-based system it can reduce the time consuming, because data processing and retrieval is much faster than manual system. Information is store in database, where only different user only can access to specific information only. A computerised database in web-based system is reliable, fast and well systematize in term of information. 2.6.1 Comparison of Computerised System and Manual System Below shown the comparison of computerised system and manual system, in a table form. Computerised System Manual System Fast when search for information. Time consuming when search for information. Greatly eliminate paperwork Too much paperwork and documenting. Systematic information maintenance Bad information maintenance. Information more accurate Less accurate information Better data security Lack of data security 2.7 Benefits of Web-based According to db net solutions, web based applications have evolved significantly over recent years and with improvements in security and technology there are plenty of scenarios where traditional software based applications and systems could be improved by migrating them to a web based application. In these recent years, many companies that are using manual system or conventional system has transform their system into web-based system due to, there many advantages in using a web-based system. Here are some of the advantages: Data centralized The data is centralized so that is it accessible from the Internet anytime with computer. And data is stored in a secure server, so anything goes to the computer it wont affect the data. No Software to Install or Update User need to login to the web-based system from any web browser, web-based system doesnt take up any spaces in the computer hard drive. It is located on separate secure host server. (Taublee.M,). More manageable The db net solution defines Web based systems need only be installed on the server placing minimal requirements on the end user workstation. This makes maintaining and updating the system much simpler as usually it can all be done on the server. User-friendly Most of the web-based is user friendly, it is convenient where user can get use to the system easily. 2.8 Interview session Date : 22th June 2010 Time : 11.00am 11.30am Interviewer : Mr.Kumar 1. Can you briefly describe about Carls Fast Food Restaurant? Carls Fast Food Restaurant is one of the fast food restaurants in Malaysia, located at Cheras, Kuala Lumpur which founded in the year of 2008. This fast food restaurant is relatively similar to another fast food restaurant, which primarily sells french fries, fried chicken, hamburger and soft drinks. 1. How do manage employee data? Manual or computerised system? Manual, we record employee information such as leave request, working schedule and employee report manually and stored the data in the filling cabinet. 2. If manual, question this: Do you satisfy with the current manual system of handling data? No, 3. If No, mention the reason. Due to too much of paperwork, hard to keep track of employee information because filling cabinet is messy. Time consuming when searching for employee information. 4. How many employees do you have in the restaurant? Currently we have 16 employee working in this restaurant with different shift that is morning shift and night shift Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1 Introduction Choosing a suitable methodology is important because it serve as a guideline when developing the system step by step. There are a lot of different methodologies that have been created to serve certain system development. Without proper guidance from any these methodologies, the system development always fail due to poor planning and management during development. 3.2 Project Methodology Thus, the author chooses System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) to serve as guideline when developing this web-based system. SDLC is framework for describing information in developing system successfully (Pasupuleti 2008). Pasupuleti (2008) specified that The overall process of developing information system through a multi-step process from investigation of initial requirements through analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. Waterfall Model of software development process is not suitable for developing this web-based system. Therefore, to overcome this problem, iterative and incremental software development process is selected to use as software software development process for this project. Although Iterative and Incremental process is quite similar to the waterfall model but it can overcome the problem that Waterfall Model have and cover the disadvantages. The Waterfall Model is linear and sequential design process that normally use in software development process (wikipedia.org, WF n.d.). The Waterfall Model consists of 5 phases that are requirement specification, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. In Waterfall Model, once one phase of software development is completed, the development of next phase will start and there is no turning back. Hence iterative development is use to solve the problem, this development could exit at any phase and return back to the previous phase to ensure positive at the end of this project. According to PCMAG (n.d.) iterative development is A discipline for developing systems based on producing deliverables often. Each iteration, consisting of requirements, analysis design, implementation and testing, results in the release of an executable subset of the final product. 3.3 Iterative Developed Model Figure 1: Iterative Development Model 3.3.1 Requirement Analysis Phase In this first phase, the author will focus on the requirement of the web-based system. Analyses the end-user needs that is Carl fast food restaurant and develop the user requirement. The problem statement will be done to identify the current problem of this fast food restaurant is facing by analyses the problem. The project objective purpose will be define to know the deliverables that needed to be achieved, refines the objectives into defined function. The research is will be done such as research of existing system in the human resources market. Research on manual and computerised system will be done about advantages of computerised system over manual system. Interview is done to gather more information about the fast food restaurant current management. 3.3.2 System Design Phase In this phase, the requirement specification is transform into system design to focus on how to deliver the required functionality. This system design phase is will focus on the architecture of the web based system, the database design and interface are defined in this phase. This phase must be done carefully, any malfunction can cost time and money to resolve. The next phase will be implementation phase. 3.3.3 Implementation Phase In this implementation phase, the transformation stage of the system design to executable system. The design from the previous phase will be translated into programming language that selected by the author according to the need of this web-based system. If the design from previous stage is carry out properly, the codes can be generated easily without much problem. The author selected PHP programming language to develop this web-based system and for the database the author selected MySQL as database because it can perform well with PHP language. After the implementation, the next phase will be testing. 3.3.4 Testing Phase In this testing phase it is a very important phase in system development of this project. A test is perform to obtain clearer understanding of the system. It is also important cater the author on how well the system had met its requirement and specification. To efficiently test the system, a few testing has been done that is test plan test case, performance testing and user acceptance testing. Test Case In this testing, it basically use to test the functionality of the system to check whether it working correctly or not. Hower (2010) describes that a test case is an input, action, or event and an expected response, to determine if a feature of a software application is working correctly. A test case might consist of test case name, test objective, actual result, expected result and conclusion (Hower, 2010). Performance testing Performance testing can be important measure that the system should be emphasis on. Basically the accomplishment of the project should be measured by the performance of the system to determine speed and effectiveness of the system. Hence, testing to know how well the system is behaving is crucial. User Acceptance testing User acceptance testing is a very important testing because it can determine whether the system developed is success or not. User such as manager or the owner of the fast food restaurant is important people to test the system because they are the end user. Therefore, their feedback and comments for the developed system are the most important factor in deciding the success of the system. Users will be asked to use the system to perform the task and they will validate the web-system based on their first time experience using the system. Users will ask to grade the web-based system. 3.3.4.1 Performance and User Acceptance Testing Evaluation on Performance Testing: Module : Leave Request Objective : This will allow user to request leave. Success Criteria : 1. Users able to request for leave after submitted their leave request form online. Expected results : 1. Users can check approve/deny leave after submitted the form. Actual result : 1. Users can check approve/deny leave after submitted the form. Evaluation : Majority of the users were satisfied with the web-based system. They were comfortable and did not hesitate to use the features. Hence, the web-based system is evaluated as satisfactory. Evaluation of User Acceptance Testing: Objective : The testing will involve the web-based system. This will test how well the users understand the use the features/module offered. Test Steps : The users will have a firsthand on using the web-based system. Users will be given the freedom to do whatever they want to the web-based system. Users will be observed to check if they are uncomfortable or irritated when using this web-based system. Users will be requested to grade this web-based system. Expected results : Users should be able to understand the functionality of the web-based system and know how to use the buttons and navigation buttons provided. Users should not feel irritated or uncomfortable when using the web-based system. Users should not feel lost or unsure of what to do with the web-based system. Actual result : Most users were able to understand the functionality of the web-based system and know how to use the buttons and navigation buttons provided. Users did not feel irritated or uncomfortable when using this web-based system. Users did not feel lost or unsure of what to do with the web-based system. Evaluation : Majority of the users were satisfied with the web-based system. They were comfortable and did not hesitate to use the features. Hence, the web-based system is evaluated as satisfactory. Test Plan Name: Please (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡) where applicable. Performance Testing: Test Result Good Average Bad Determine if the leave request able to submit to other party User able to track leave request and approve/deny leave. All buttons will be tested for errors.

Thanksgiving :: essays research papers

Thanksgiving Day In today’s meeting, the President of the United States of America, George W. Bush, officially announced he is having a Thanksgiving party at his ranch in Crawford, Texas this weekend. Throughout the day, invitations were sent out all over the White House. My body grew tremendously excited at the possibility that maybe this year I would be invited. My partner Bill walked in with his invitation in his hand, wagged it around as though it were merely nothing to him and then threw it aimlessly towards the trash can but missed. My eyes grew large as I was extremely angered by the offense he had just committed in front of me. To my surprise, he caught my severe look and politely asked, â€Å"Would you rather go instead of me? I could simply change the name without anyone knowing.† The tension on my face began to ease as I looked up at him from my seat and to my amusement my lips formed a strong smile in answer to his question. The process took only a short moment but in that t ime I carefully observed the paper in Bill’s hand and couldn’t help but notice its beauty. The thickness of the card clearly showed its expense and the soft colors of the shade blue played along the edges of the card, showing its artistic side for the affair. And now I was a member. Once I got to my apartment I called my family back home to tell them about the exciting news. Father wasn’t home but the message was reassured to get through to him, making sure plans were still set. I packed everything I thought I would need and headed off to sleep. My legs trembled as they always did at times like these and before I knew it the sunlight crept into my bedroom, slowly covering it completely. Now, it was time to go.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I arrived at the ranch on time with everybody else so that I would blend in. There stood President Bush, his lovely wife Laura and the adorable twins Barbara and Jenna. It was the twin’s 23rd birthday as well, so the celebration was going to be a big hit. On the left side of the President stood everybody else from his team like Vice President Richard B.Cheney, Defense Secretary Rumsfeld, Secretary of State Powell, and National Security Advisor Rice. The Vice President seemed happy and eager to eat as he kept rubbing his pot belly.

Mechanically Ventilated Patient Requiring Sedation Essay

A care plan for a mechanically ventilated patient requiring sedation has to be cautiously planned out with the help of a multidisciplinary team of medical professionals. It is very important for a nurse taking care of a patient on a ventilator to deliver high quality care using evidence-base nursing practices. The nurse need to make sure that he/she has a clear understanding of assessment skills and how to perform safety checks on vital life-saving equipment, having this knowledge base will assist the nurse in planning interventions that best fit the patient needs and desires (Alasad, 2005). The most crucial intervention that I would focus on is the patient’s airway due to if the airway is blocked this would increase the patient’s risk of not breathing and possibly coding by going into respiratory distress, to help decrease the risk of the patient having these airway problems I would focus my attention on doing an assessment of the airway at least once every hour or sooner. The next intervention that I would focus on is the pain level because this is problematic due to the inability of a mechanically ventilated patient to verbalize due to the invasive endotracheal intubation. Therefore I would use tools to measure a patient’s pain that are appropriate for that individual such as a pain picture board or paper with the numeric pain scale on it for the patient to the point to (Ackley, 2011). The following intervention that I would focus on is mouth care and comfort measures in the ventilated patient due to the patient cannot perform oral care on themselves so that puts the patient at an increased risk for an infection setting up in their mouth. Therefore mouth care with a soft brush should be performed every two hours. In addition to this comfort measure are important so the patient must be turned q2hours as a result this will keep the patient comfortable and decrease the risk of the patient’s skin from breaking down due to immobilized. Along with this, a bed bath would be performed everyday so that the nurse can assess the skin for any break downs that may be forming. Another important intervention to perform on a mechanically ventilated patient who is sedated is eye care. It is important for the nurse to maintain eye integrity due to these patients is susceptible to corneal dehydration, abrasions, and even infection. Therefore it is important to instill eye drops to keep the eyes moist and to use the antibiotic eye ointment as prescribed. The last intervention that I would include in this care plan in conjunction with the respiratory department in the hospital is sedation vacation. Doing this method would assist the patient in being weaned off the vent and for the nurse to gather further assessment data without the patient being heavily sedated (Ackley, 2011). In conclusion the nurse’s goal in providing care to a mechanically ventilated patient on sedation is to provide relief while minimizing the development of drug dependency and oversedation. Careful monitoring with a bedside scoring system, the appropriate use of medications, and a strategy of daily interruption can lead to diminished time on the ventilator and in the ICU (Urden, 2012). Reference Ackley, B. J., & Ladwig, G. B. (2011). Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier Alasad J, Ahmad M. Communication with critically ill patients. Adv Nurs 2005;50(4) Urden, L. (2012). Priorities in critical care. (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier

Controversy on Native American Mascots Essay

Bigotry and mockery are two concepts that the United States has fought with since its creation, and it seemed that it was disappearing, but it hasn’t. Many schools, of all levels, are using a Native American mascot to represent their sporting teams and this has brought much controversy over the truth behind these mascots. This idea is the mocking a heritage for money and amusement of others. It does not, in any way, represent the truth behind Native American modern life. Lastly, if a mascot was used to represent another race, it would be deemed insulting and would immediately be removed. Using Native Americans as mascots is a cruel form of mockery and racism, and must be put to an end. A mascot is used to make money and to attract and amuse crowds. For many sports teams, mascots are animals such as bears or tigers. By using a Native American as a mascot, you are labeling them as lesser than the spectators of the sport. A Native American is a person, not an animal that one can use and sell for their own benefits. A student should not feel that their own school is mocking their family and their heritage for entertainment purposes. One student of a North Carolina high school had even said, â€Å"How long would you want to stay in a place where you’re being mocked and laughed at? † By mocking this heritage, they are not only offending people, but losing money in the process of trying to make it because many students prefer to not go to a school where they feel they are being made fun of. The use of a Native American as a mascot is offensive and must immediately be put to a stop. The idea of a Native American used to entertain people or represent sports teams is not at all what a real person of this heritage is. When the term â€Å"Indian† is used, many think of someone wearing face paint and a feathered headdress, the exact icon for the Cleveland Indians baseball team. However, the modern Native American is never dressed in anything like this. This mascot provides a false image to the rest of the world about a real culture. A representative had said that Florida State University’s mascot is â€Å"eye-catching but not historically accurate†. These images send out a negative reputation for Native Americans, and even make them seem like war-loving savages. The modern life Native Americans near the university are running a casino, not wreaking havoc on other tribes. This mascot sends a false and negative reputation about the true Indian culture that must be stopped. Racism has, over the years, become a rather sensitive topic in the United States. After years upon years of slavery, many are quick to assume that any comment towards an African American is based upon racism. However, no one jumps to conclusions when hundreds of schools using a heritage to amuse people and make money. According to N. C. A. A. resident Myles Brand, â€Å"At times, Indians are reduced to caricature. † If any school had dared to use an African American as their sports team mascot, it would bring massive controversy. To prove this, a group of students at the University of Northern Colorado nicknamed their team the â€Å"Fightin’ Whites†. This was quickly deemed extremely inappropriate, just as the use of any race in a nickname should. If one is against racism, they must be against it in all types, regardless of if it’s about African Americans or Native Americans, and the use of a mascot in this way is incredibly racist. As Brand had said, â€Å"If we don’t stick to our values, we lose our integrity. † The use of a Native American mascot is incredibly disrespectful to the true culture of these people. It does not show the real culture, it uses something sacred to make money, and it even promotes racism. By the school’s use of this mascot, we are allowing the bigotry and racism to spread throughout the world. This concept must be put to a stop immediately and must start with our region removing the high school’s mascot.

How Technology Effects Modern America Essays - Diploma, Documents

How Technology Effects Modern America Essays - Diploma, Documents How Technology Effects Modern America U.S. Wage Trends The microeconomic picture of the U.S. has changed immensely since 1973, and the trends are proving to be consistently downward for the nation?s high school graduates and high school drop-outs. ?Of all the reasons given for the wage squeeze ? international competition, technology, deregulation, the decline of unions and defense cuts ? technology is probably the most critical. It has favored the educated and the skilled,? says M. B. Zuckerman, editor-in-chief of U.S. News Since 1973, wages adjusted for inflation have declined by about a quarter for high school dropouts, by a sixth for high school graduates, and by about 7% for those with some college education. Only the wages of college graduates are up. Of the fastest growing technical jobs, software engineering tops the list. Carnegie Mellon University reports, ?recruitment of it?s software engineering students is up this year by over 20%.? All engineering jobs are paying well, proving that highly skilled labor is what employers want! ?There is clear evidence that the supply of workers in the [unskilled labor] categories already exceeds the demand for their services,? says L. Mishel, Research Director of Welfare Reform Network. In view of these facts, I wonder if these trends are good or bad for society. ?The danger of the information age is that while in the short run it may be cheaper to replace workers with technology, in the long run it is potentially self-destructive because there will not be enough purchasing power to grow the economy,? M. B. Zuckerman. My feeling is that the trend from unskilled labor to highly technical, skilled labor is a good one! But, political action must be taken to ensure that this societal evolution is beneficial to all of us. ?Back in 1970, a high school diploma could still be a ticket to the middle income bracket, a nice car in the driveway and a house in the suburbs. Today all it gets is a clunker parked on the street, and a dingy apartment in a low rent building,? says Time Magazine (Jan 30, 1995 issue). However, in 1970, our government provided our children with a free education, allowing the vast majority of our population to earn a high school diploma. This means that anyone, regardless of family income, could be educated to a level that would allow them a comfortable place in the middle class. Even restrictions upon child labor hours kept children in school, since they are not allowed to work full time while under the age of 18. This government policy was conducive to our economic markets, and allowed our country to prosper from 1950 through 1970. Now, our own prosperity has moved us into a highly technical world, that requires highly skilled labor. The natural answer to this problem, is that the U.S. Government?s education policy must keep pace with the demands of the highly technical job market. If a middle class income of 1970 required a high school diploma, and the middle class income of 1990 requires a college diploma, then it should be as easy for the children of the 90?s to get a college diploma, as it was for the children of the 70?s to get a high school diploma. This brings me to the issue of our country?s political process, in a technologically advanced world. Voting & Poisoned Political Process in The U.S. The advance of mass communication is natural in a technologically advanced society. In our country?s short history, we have seen the development of the printing press, the radio, the television, and now the Internet; all of these, able to reach millions of people. Equally natural, is the poisoning and corruption of these medias, to benefit a few. >From the 1950?s until today, television has been the preferred media. Because it captures the minds of most Americans, it is the preferred method of persuasion by political figures, multinational corporate advertising, and the upper 2% of the elite, who have an interest in controlling public opinion. Newspapers and radio experienced this same history, but are now somewhat obsolete in the science of changing public opinion. Though I do not suspect television to become completely obsolete within the next 20 years, I do

The eNotes Blog 10 Books You Wont Believe WerePublished

10 Books You Wont Believe WerePublished and the reviewers who actually read them. 1. People Who Dont Know Theyre Dead:  How They Attach Themselves to Unsuspecting Bystanders and What to Do About It Author Gary Leon Hill tells of his familys work luring dead spirits from the bodies of very alive people theyve held hostage. There are actually quite a few Goodreads reviews of this one, and it seems to generate love-hate (but mostly hate) reactions: Anita Dalton  rated it  1 of 5 stars Unusual beliefs make the world more interesting. But there are times when bad, bad writing combine with bad, dangerous information, and I am left with nothing but snark. If Penn Jillette read this book, he would s#@* blood. Alternatively, Heather  rated it  5 of 5 stars Anyone with an open mind should explore the pages of this non-fiction journey. Itll make you think about things that you wouldnt naturally consider. I loaned this to a co-worker and havent seen it since! Maybe the spirits took it? 2. How to Avoid Huge Ships The kicker with this one is that its labeled as the Second Edition. Its hard to imagine what the first edition might have left out. Unsurprisingly, Poets Writers  hailed it as the worst book ever  back in 2011, despite its $131 price tag and huge underground following. They also rounded up some of its snarkiest  Amazon reviews, which are well worth a read: Reads like a whodunnit!, December 21, 2010 By  Citizenfitz  (The salt grainery) –  See all reviews I bought How to Avoid Huge Ships as a companion to Captain Trimmer’s other excellent books: How to Avoid a Train, and How to Avoid the Empire State Building. These books are fast paced, well written and the hard won knowledge found in them is as inspirational as it is informational. After reading them I haven’t been hit by anything bigger than a diesel bus. Thanks, captain! TOO Informative., December 25, 2010 By  Dan  (Ontario Canada) –  See all reviews Read this book before going on vacation and I couldn’t find my cruise liner in the port. Vacation ruined. 3.  Living with Crazy Buttocks According to the blurb for this 348 page book, No ones got a wickeder eye for the absurdities of contemporary culture than Kaz Cooke. In Living with Crazy Buttocks she sets her sights on Barbie, NASA, celebrities, firemen, archbishops, cosmetic surgery, internet gurus, The Bill and Ben-Hur. She even takes a long, hard look at Ricky Martins bottom. We still have no idea what this book is about, and neither does its only Amazon reviewer: 4.0 out of 5 stars  Title alone deserves a Pulitzer  March 27 2010 To be fair I have to say I have no idea whats between the front and back covers of this book, but to be honest, WHO CARES!? Just having a book with this title in your Library instantly will take your collection from Drab and ordinary to exciting and racy, go ahead and take the plunge, you know you want to. BTW werent those belt vibrator Jiggy exercise machines dangerous to your internal parts, I thought I heard that somewhere? 4.  The Stray Shopping Carts of Eastern North America: A Guide to Field Identification Look out for this field guide in an Urban Outfitters near you: A must-have for anyone with a passion for shopping carts and a love of the great outdoors. In  The Stray Shopping Carts of Eastern North America  author Julian Montague has created an elaborate classification system of abandoned shopping carts, accompanied by photographic documentation of actual stray cart sightings. Ravens review 4 of 5 stars bookshelves:  social-commentary This is an absolutely amazing, weird, odd, thought provoking,interesting book. Its a quick read, being made up of primarily photographs, but it will make you look at shopping carts in a whole new way. Very interesting. 5. Managing a Dental Practice: The Genghis Khan Way Genghis Khan is one of historys most charismatic and dynamic leaders and you will need all his skill, strength and tenacity to succeed in both dentistry and business. This how-to book on survival and empire-building in the dentistry business is ideal for anyone who owns, aspires to own, or is involved in managing a practice. Curiouser and curiouser I imagine the chapter marked The practice manager as problem solver does not include advice on planning wholesale massacres of entire civilian populations, but who knows? Unfortunately there are no reviews online to tell us anything for certain. 6.  Oral Sadism and the Vegetarian Personality With chapters titled Psychotherapy of the Dead and  The Scale of Mental Abilities Requiring Thinking Somewhat (SMARTS), this book is (thankfully) a parody of psychology journals and not the dry academic study its title suggests. Still, with a critics review  calling it  For the Jung at heart! this book lands firmly in the WTF section of your local bookstore. Gayle Gordon  rated it  4 of 5 stars Shelves:  non-fiction Ever wonder how to cure childhood? Why dead people dont pay their bills? How to diagnose a patients mental disorder by how he parks? This is the book for you! You dont have to be a psychologist or psychiatrist to appreciate this book, but it probably helps! Im no shrink, but I thought it was a riot! 7.  Cheese Problems Solved Your burning questions about cheese, answered. Arranged in practical question and answer format, Cheese Problems Solved provides responses to more than 200 of the most commonly asked questions about cheese. Mike Lesters review bookshelves:  to-read Finally! Hope for the rest of us. Now on to the Arab/Israeli conflict. Traci  marked it as best-titles-ever Cheese Problems. Solved. There is a market for people who have problems with Cheese that can only be solved by a book. My world expands every day, even when I dont leave my office. 8. Do-It-Yourself Coffins: For Pets and People Whats creepier  than a DIY book on how to craft your own coffin? That it has 17 customer reviews on Amazon. And that the author refers to them as special boxes. Here is one project you will not want to put off till tomorrow. How true, in matters of decay youre really in a race  against time. Unfortunately, this book probably wont do you any favors in that department: Blah! By  moyer  on May 14, 2013 End product lacks that wow factor everyone wants in a quality coffin. I personally wouldnt be caught dead in one of these Zero Stars! By  Eric Garwood  on July 31, 2000 I have built one of the coffins following the directions in the book. Some measurements are missing, and some are not correct. This cost me in materials and time. Beware! 9.  Knitting With Dog Hair Better A Sweater From A Dog You Know and Love Than From A Sheep Youll Never Meet. Because why waste all that precious fluff at the bottom of your vacuum cleaner? But before you judge, its worth noting that 12 out of 14 reviewers gave this book 5 stars. Here are a few  standouts: 5.0 out of 5 stars  How much is that doggy in the window?  Aug. 16 2000 By  Mary Z. Cox Golden retriever scarves, Grand Pyranees hats, Siamese socks,and Samoyed sweaters! I have to admit that if I ever seek another dog, Im going to be looking at the silky haired retrievers instead of short haired varieties that offer little more than dander and love. No more bulldogs or boxers for meI want a dog that I can brush, spin, and knit big soft golden retriever sweaters. Truly a breakthrough in pragmatic thought! 5.0 out of 5 starsFInally, a book to recycle something I have more of than any  Oct. 18 1999 5.0 out of 5 stars  Good Reading  Sept. 12 2001 By  Cheri Provenzano It has made me more comfortable to know that there are others who do this and not that I am just spending too much time in the woods (As I have been accused of by neighbors). If this is what the dog lovers are up to, I dont even want to guess the crazy uses cat-people have come up with for their hairballs. 10.  Bombproof Your Horse To be fair, this is just a really poor title for a very practical book on horse training. But that doesnt mean  we cant all still point and laugh. Laura  rated it  4 of 5 stars I cant say my horse is cured yet, but this book has given me some great ideas! Traci  marked it as best-titles-ever I dont feel so strange dressing my dog in a hazmat suit anymore. 4.0 out of 5 stars  fun for horse and human By  A. MacNeil I dont believe that it is truly possible to bomb-proof any horse. Do you have a ridiculous book on your bookshelf? Tell us the craziest titles youve uncovered in a comment below.

How To Write a Victim Impact Statement

How To Write a Victim Impact Statement Among the most effective tools victims have in the fight against crime is the victim impact statement, used at the time of sentencing of defendants, and in many states, at parole hearings. All 50 states now allow some form of victim impact information at sentencing. Most states allow either oral or written statements, or both, from the victim at the sentencing hearing, and require victim impact information to be included in the pre-sentence report and given to the judge before imposing sentence. In a majority of states, victim impact statements are also allowed at parole hearings, while in other states a copy of the original statement is attached to the offenders file to be reviewed by the parole board. Some states allow these statements to be updated by the victims, to include any additional impact the original crime has had on their lives. Part of the Justice Process In a few states, victim impact statements are even allowed a bail hearing, pretrial release hearings, and even plea bargain hearings. For most victims of crime, these statements provide them an opportunity to focus the courts attention on the human cost of the crime and allow the victims to become a part of the criminal justice process. More than 80 percent of crime victims who have given such statements consider them to be a very important part of the process. In some states, but not all, the law allowing victim impact statements specifically require the judge (or parole board) to consider the statements in making a decision. In those states, the victim statements indeed have more impact on the judicial process and outcome. Elements of a Victim Impact Statement Typically, a victim impact statement will contain the following: The physical, financial, psychological or emotional impact of the crime.The harm that was done to family relationships by the crime, such as the loss of a parent or caregiver.Descriptions of medical treatment or psychological services required by the victim as a result of the crime.The need for restitution.The victims opinion of an appropriate sentence for the offender. How to Write a Victim Impact Statement? Most states have a Victim Impact Statement form available for victims to complete. If the state does not have a form, focusing on the questions above is helpful. Also, all states have victim assistance programs. If you have questions about completing the statement, you can always contact the victim assistance program and ask for help or clarification. Completing Your Written Statement: Many people will be reading your statement including the judge, attorneys, probation and parole officers, and prison treatment personnel. The answers should be written neatly or typed.Completing the answers on a separate piece of paper will allow for errors to be fixed before transposing the information on to the final form. Ask for additional forms in case you make a mistake or decide to re-word your answers.When completing a form, it is not mandatory that the answers fit into the space provided. Include additional sheets when necessary.Try to keep the answers concise, but do write descriptively. You want to express the depth of how you feel (fear, trauma, and severe loss) and by using descriptive words, it will people identify with your experience. What Should Be Discussed on the Form Discuss how you felt while the crime was taking place or the emotional impact this crime has had on your life. Discuss the physical, psychological, and financial impact of the crime. Use specific examples of how the crime has changed your life. Document and itemize financial losses, as a result of the crime. Include both major and minor losses. For example, loss of work, the expense of moving, the cost of gas to go back and forth to doctors offices as a result of an injury incurred during the crime. Also, include future expenses. What to Avoid Do not include information that identifies your physical address, phone number, place of employment, or email address. The defendant will have access to your letter or the statement you read in court and could use the information to contact you in the future. Do not introduce new evidence not covered at the trial or repeat evidence already presented. Do not use derogatory or obscene language. To do so will diminish the impact of your statement. Do not describe any harm that you hope the offender will experience in prison. Reading an Impact Statement in Court If you do not feel that you can read your statement in court, or you become too emotional to finish it, ask for an alternate or family representative to read it for you. If you want to show a picture or some other object while giving your statement, ask the courts permission first. Write out your statement before speaking to the judge. Reading a statement can become very emotional, and it is easy to lose track of what you are saying. Having a written copy will help you cover all of the points that you want to convey. When you read your statement, focus on speaking only to the judge. If you want to speak directly to the defendant, ask the judges permission to do so first. Remember, directing your comments to the accused is not necessary. Anything you want to convey can be done by speaking directly to the judge. How to Avoid Being Manipulated by Defendant Do not let the defendant manipulate you into losing your control. Many times criminals will purposely try to anger the victim during their statement so that they do not finish. They may snicker, laugh, make sarcastic faces, yawn loudly, or even make obscene gestures. Some criminals will even shout out derogatory comments about the victim. By staying focused on the judge, the criminal will not be able to sabotage your statement. Do not express anger about the trial, the attorneys, the court or the offender. This is your time to express the pain you have experienced and influence the sentence the defendant will receive. Anger, explosive outbursts, using obscene language or making reference to what kind of harm you hope the defendant will face in prison will diminish the impact of your statement. Laws regarding victim impact statements vary from state to state. To find out the law in your state, contact the local prosecutors office, the state Attorney Generals office, or a local law library.

Math IP 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Math IP 5 - Essay Example Answer: 3 Show work in this space. 27 9 =3 9 3 = 3 3 1 = 3 b) Using the formula for the nth term of a geometric sequence, what is the 10th term Answer: 19683 Show work in this space. a10 = a1 rn-1 a10 = (1) (3) 10-1 = (1) (19683) = 19683 c) Using the formula for the sum of a geometric series, what is the sum of the first 10 terms Answer: 29524 Show work in this space. Sn = a1 (1- rn) / 1-r = 1 (1-310) / 1-3 = 1 (1-59049) / -2 = -59048 / -2 = 29524 3) Use the geometric sequence of numbers 1, 1/3, 1/9 , 1/27 to find the following: a) What is r, the ratio between 2 consecutive terms Answer: 1/3 Show work in this space. 1/27 1/9 = 1/3 1/9 1/3 = 1/3 1/3 1 = 1/3 b) Using the formula for the sum of the first n terms of a geometric series, what is the sum of the first 10 terms Carry all calculations to 6 decimals on all assignments. Answer: 1.499976 Show work in this space. Sn = a1 (1- rn) / 1-r = 1 (1-(1/3)10) / 1-1/3 = 1 (1- 1.693508-5) / 2/3 = 1. 49976 c) Using the formula for the sum of the first n terms of a geometric series, what is the sum of the first 12 terms Carry all calculations to 6 decimals on all assignments. Answer: 1.499998 Show work in this space. Sn = a1 (1- rn) / 1-r = 1 (1-1/312) 1-1/3 = 1 (1-1.881676-6) 1-2/3 = 1.499998 d) What observation can make about the successive partial sums of this series In particular, what number does it appear that the sum will always be smaller than Answer: When plotted in a graph, it is expected that the partial sum of the series is a graph which grows flatter over time. This is because the partial sums grow slower over each value. The sum will always be smaller than 3....He rushed over and pulled a young lady out of the flaming truck. Farmer Crane came out and gratefully thanked the traveling salesman for saving his daughter's life. Mr. Crane insisted on giving the man an award for his heroism. So, the salesman said, "If you insist, I do not want much. Get your checkerboard and place one grain of wheat on the first square. Then place two grains of wheat on the next square. Then place four grains on the third square. Continue this until all 64 squares are covered with grains of wheat." As he had just harvested his wheat, Mr. Crane did not consider this much of an award, but he soon realized he made a miscalculation on the amount of wheat involved. c) Calculate the amount of wheat necessary to fill the whole checkerboard (64 squares). How much wheat would the farmer need to give the salesman Please provide the answer in either scientific notation, or calculate and show all 20 digits.

Business Research Individual Work 1 Week 3 Essay

Business Research Individual Work 1 Week 3 - Essay Example In order to establish such strategies, the company can carry out research on the economic environment of the emerging nations (Apple Inc. SWOT Analysis, 2014). For example, Asian emerging economies such as India may form a lucrative market for Apple products. However, a rigorous research is needed to identify the factors defining the business market in such economies. Business research can solve Apple’s problem of venturing into emerging nations as it has the capacity to provide specific information regarding the emerging markets. For example, research can provide relevant information on the pricing strategies that Apple should rely on if it is to penetrate such markets. Moreover, research will help the Apple Company identify potential barriers that it may face as it penetrates the new markets and give it an advantage to develop strategies for addressing the challenges it may face (Zikmund, 2013). A research proposal has several components which are considered as important. The first component is the statement of the problem whereby the researcher describes the context of the research topic and describes the research question that will be addressed. The second component involves a review of the available literature. In developing a literature review, the researcher considers both relevant and recent sources related to the research topic. The third component is the statement of the hypothesis. Evidently, each research project has a set of hypotheses that it seeks to either accept or reject depending on the findings of the research (Zikmund, 2013). The fourth component is a description of the methodology to be used in the research. This involves presenting details of the sample size, the proposed sampling technique, and the instruments to be used in the research. Under methodology, the researcher also describes the research design in details and presents

How much did Early Moving Picture Entertainment Draw on, or Differ Assignment

How much did Early Moving Picture Entertainment Draw on, or Differ From, Conventions in Still Photography - Assignment Example It seems that conventions in still photography played an important role in the appearance of early moving picture entertainment; furthermore, there were specific needs of the public that had to be addressed at that period. In any case, these two forms of art seem to be closely related - at least up to a point. Up to a specific level, moving picture entertainment was strongly influenced by the convention in still photography; however, from that point onwards there were no particular similarities between these two forms of art. They were developed independently. In order to understand the position of moving picture within the entertainment sector it would be necessary to refer primarily to its historical development – without reference to specific geographical characteristics or cultural influences. Moving picture has been considered to be an improved form of still photography. The transformation of the latter led to the appearance of the former with the support of technology – which helped to proceed from capturing the scenes of real life to their representation in real time – i.e. following all steps of their development. In this context, early moving picture can be characterized as an indication of the changing trends in public preferences; still photography was no more able to keep the interest of the public – other means of transmission of facts had to be tested in order to ensure the survival of still photography within the modern society.

A Normal C Reactive Protein and Significant Bacterial Infection in Literature review

A Normal C Reactive Protein and Significant Bacterial Infection in Children with Fever - Literature review Example One of the most common reasons for Emergency Department (ED) visit is the fever. Fever accounts to approximately 10 – 35% of admissions in children younger than three years of age (Nuttall, 2003; Andreola et al., 2007; Behjati 2008; Liu et al, 2008). In this age group, severe bacterial infections or SBI represents to about 10 – 25%; however, Andreola et al (2007) noted that this diagnosis is frequently confusing especially with the absence of localising findings. Hence, a need for specific and sensitive laboratory markers for infection is required because of the presence of clinical findings such as body temperature. More than a decade ago, an algorithm which incorporates with laboratory findings, such as white blood cell count and absolute neutrophil count was published and was proven to be useful in the medical practice especially in the identification children who are at higher risk of severe bacterial illness. Additional markers such as C – reactive protein ( CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) are maybe useful (Nuttall, 2003; Andreola et al, 2007). In 1930, CRP is discovered by Tillett and Francis as C – Polysaccharide fraction called as fraction C from the sera of an acutely ill patient. In 1941, fraction C was found to be a peptide instead of a polysaccharide, thus renamed as C reactive peptide. In 1950, it was reported that CRP can be detected in more than 70 types of disorders. Carlan added that CRP can be normal in invasive bacterial disease, and produces the largest, the most rapid, and most quantifiable acute response to inflammation and infection.

Performance Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Performance Evaluation - Essay Example Thirdly, there are strong evidences found which represent the inclusion of an element of biasness and partiality in evaluating the performance of the personnel, which in turn may lead to significant deviations from the actual performance of the personnel. Traits are defined as the properties and characteristics of any given person’s personality. Every person always keeps and carries all personality traits with him/her such that these traits become inseparable from the personality of the person. In evaluating the performance of an employee, the personality traits do have their importance as they actually demonstrate what the personality of the employee is all about (Dessler 2010). Is he/she charming, extrovert, sharp, lazy, or arrogant etc? Behaviors are the particular course of action that a person demonstrates in a particular situation. Behaviors are more concerned with the physical activities and dealings that a person displays given the overall theme or mood of a particular environment. These behaviors are also affected by the mood and emotions of the person as well. For instance, the employee may reflect a careless behavior in the work environment which would be referred to as his behavior, but what actually is causing him to behave in such a weird manner, might be the family issues, financial issues or any other issue (Dessler 2010). Job results are the actual outcomes that are achieved as a result of performing a specific task or duty. Whatever task or duty assigned to the worker, is judged by the ultimate outcome or result of that particular task (Dessler 2010). For example, if an employee is assigned to draft a particular report, the ultimate outcome or result of that task would be the final draft report to be handed over to the supervisor. What actually matters to any organization are the results obtained by the employees. Only those organizations prosper and remain successful in developing a result-oriented culture in their

Writing about Hospitality Industry Research Paper

Writing about Hospitality Industry - Research Paper Example With expectations built on prior basic research aided by an omnipresent internet spewing details with adventurous reviews, a revised marketing strategy focusing on the Price-Conscious, Hyper-Connected customer is but a priority. A multi-billion-dollar technology, E-Hospitality has provided an avenue of cultivating the ultimate customer experience, right from improved availability to accommodate travelers’ needs round the clock to the enlightening, participative forums where professionals share information in private chat rooms, with the possibilities of developing new friendships and/or business connections (Hatch par 3-4). The technology has enabled sharing of efficiency boosting experiences in terms of managerial capabilities, ethical dilemmas in the same, and ad targeting that reaches out directly to the travelers who are most likely to book reservations. The utilization of the innovative ideas is barely past the takeoff stage, with hotels sparingly replacing the traditional methodologies in their managerial aspects. The injection of advanced skills in technology into this particular industry is, however, fundamental in reducing costs [the main objective of business organizations] and conserving the world’s limited resources for a sustainable future (Nikolis par 2). Leisure professionals, therefore, have no choice but to adapt to the new reality to maintain

Performance Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Performance Evaluation - Essay Example Thirdly, there are strong evidences found which represent the inclusion of an element of biasness and partiality in evaluating the performance of the personnel, which in turn may lead to significant deviations from the actual performance of the personnel. Traits are defined as the properties and characteristics of any given person’s personality. Every person always keeps and carries all personality traits with him/her such that these traits become inseparable from the personality of the person. In evaluating the performance of an employee, the personality traits do have their importance as they actually demonstrate what the personality of the employee is all about (Dessler 2010). Is he/she charming, extrovert, sharp, lazy, or arrogant etc? Behaviors are the particular course of action that a person demonstrates in a particular situation. Behaviors are more concerned with the physical activities and dealings that a person displays given the overall theme or mood of a particular environment. These behaviors are also affected by the mood and emotions of the person as well. For instance, the employee may reflect a careless behavior in the work environment which would be referred to as his behavior, but what actually is causing him to behave in such a weird manner, might be the family issues, financial issues or any other issue (Dessler 2010). Job results are the actual outcomes that are achieved as a result of performing a specific task or duty. Whatever task or duty assigned to the worker, is judged by the ultimate outcome or result of that particular task (Dessler 2010). For example, if an employee is assigned to draft a particular report, the ultimate outcome or result of that task would be the final draft report to be handed over to the supervisor. What actually matters to any organization are the results obtained by the employees. Only those organizations prosper and remain successful in developing a result-oriented culture in their

The Kissnger Qiestion Essay Example for Free

The Kissnger Qiestion Essay The Vietnam War resulted in the deaths of 1.5 million to 3 million Vietnamese and other Indochinese and 58,000 Americans. It was the catalyst for Richard Nixon’s self-induced disgrace. Henry Kissinger played a pivotal role in guiding America’s foreign policy as the war torn nation reeled under the loss of one president to assassination and another to fraud. The Vietnam War singed the conscience of the world and Kissinger found himself where foreign policy and national security converged. National Security Advisor is the one that holds the most strategic meetings at the highest levels of US administration. External and internal threats to the nation’s security and well being should be calculated well in advance; otherwise the entire fabric of security planning lies in shreds. There must have been some constructive and sensible proposals to avert the Vietnam fiasco. It’s fair to ask what alternative course Americas critics would have followed. Some serious people argued for complete withdrawal, on the grounds that the war was already lost. Some have argued that Nixon, after taking office, should have declared that the situation in Vietnam was far worse than he had thought, blame it on the Democrats and seek a deal with the North Vietnamese like the one that was ultimately reached. Meanwhile, the argument goes, Nixon could have used tough rhetoric at home to appease the foreign policy makers. Whether the approach would have worked can’t be known, but had it worked, it certainly would have been preferable to what happened instead. Once in office, Kissinger and Nixon said they were seeking peace with honor: the abandonment of our South Vietnamese allies would be a dishonorable betrayal and would undermine our credibility in the world. America ended up abandoning them anyway. Even overlooking for the moment how the whole thing turned out, the peace with honor formulation was riddled with flaws. And the South Vietnamese regime was known to have been inept and hopelessly corrupt. In writing about the importance of our allies in South Vietnam, Kissinger gives minimal attention to the Vietnamese people but a great deal to South Vietnam’s president Nguyen Van Thieu, calling him a great patriot and a dauntless leader. McNamara and Kissinger, not unlike some American presidents, including Nixon, had myopic affinity for strongmen like the Shah of Iran, Philippines president Ferdinand Marcos. A student of Metternich, the 19th-century Austrian statesman, Kissinger was a practitioner of the realist (or realpolitik) school of diplomacy, which places emphasis on the state’s interests and the use of military power to achieve them, and he preferred to deal with the strong leaders of nation-states who could deliver. The US administration’s complicity in the 1963 overthrow of South Vietnam’s leader General Ngo Dinh Diem conferred legitimacy on the North Vietnamese claim that the South Vietnamese government was illegitimate. Ironically, when all this was happening in Vietnam, the rest of the world could only look and expect. Even the Nobel society that conferred the peace prize to Kissinger made almost no mention of the American lives lost during the Vietnam War, and none of the fact that USAs pursuit of what many saw as a patently hopeless cause may have damaged Vietnam permanently. To see the US side of the story, Nixon had a peculiar governing style. He hated to give direct orders and sometimes issued orders he hoped or expected would not be carried out. He had an aversion to controversy among his advisers. And after Vice President Spiro Agnew said in one meeting that the South Vietnamese, with American support, should attack two North Vietnamese sanctuaries in Cambodia rather than just one, as had been proposed, Nixon agreed. But, according to Kissinger, Nixon was so annoyed that Agnew had staked out a more hawkish position than his own that he excluded Agnew from the next meeting on the war. Even Kissingers colleagues are portrayed as politically astute Mel Laird, secretary of defense, to be slippery. Though, Laird was often proved right about the likely public reaction to proposed U.S. actions. Unfortunately, the men surrounding the president were accomplished charmers, masterly manipulators in a field where manipulation was the job requirement. The Vietnam War was not without its tragicomic aspects. There was the futile hunt for the elusive COSVN, supposedly the North Vietnamese military headquarters in Cambodia—and a leading rationale for U.S. military incursion into Cambodia in 1970. The South Vietnamese troops and their American advisers found only deserted huts. Nevertheless, USA describes the attack as a success, leading to the capture of documents, arms and ammunition, which, according to Karnow, were quickly replaced. There was also the raid by American commandos on the Son Tay prison in North Vietnam, which was believed to hold American prisoners of war but turned out to be empty. U.S. intelligence had said the prison was closed. The war did infuse sacrifice, though not entirely based on moral lines. Historians omit several relevant matters or deals with them in triumphs of understatement. The two senior members of the National Security Agency, Anthony Lake and Roger Morris, quit in 1970 in protest over the expansion of the war into Cambodia. And as for the national upheaval and constitutional crisis that was Watergate, Nixon felt unappreciated for his effort to withdraw troops, that antiwar sentiment touched Nixon on his rawest nerve and that he saw enemies all around him and so engaged in methods of all-out political combat. That’s it. No mention of Nixon’s enemies list; of the White House’s hiring a goon squad (the plumbers) to conduct break-ins; or of Kissinger’s supplying names to the FBI for wiretaps of his own aides and of journalists, to trace leaks about the war. Vietnamese people had to face brutalities of warring factions and deceit of their power hungry leaders. Many years on, we still cannot confidently classify the leaders who could have been true to the national cause or the people of Vietnam. Some critics persisted in believing that given enough time and resources, Americas Vietnam policy would have succeed. In 1975, after Ford had taken office as president with sole card to prevent Saigon’s collapse was additional money from Congress to fund the war effort—an appropriation that Congress was resisting. The denial of the money may well have sped the collapse of the South Vietnamese government, but how long it could have been sustained is another matter. If leaders truly continued to believe in enforcing the type of government, one is forced to conclude that USA would have deluded the world. Kissinger and Nixon were in a bunker of their own, clinging to the false promise of Vietnamization, holding to a misbegotten concept of national honor and railing at the war’s opponents. Great nations have the intent to make the right decisions in critical circumstances. Unfortunately, the reputation of USA is doomed to carry the fact that they failed to take a timely decision in Vietnam. References    John Prados, LOST CRUSADER: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby, Oxford University Press, 2003

Research The Interpretivism Philosophy Management Essay

Research The Interpretivism Philosophy Management Essay Firstly, it is the research philosophy. There are two main types of philosophy and they are positivism and interpretivism. In this research the interpretivism philosophy will be applied to adopt the nature of theories on the factors influencing the project management performance. Secondly, it is the research approach that includes deduction and induction. In this research, the induction approach is considered the appropriate approach for the project management when the researcher examines three factors influencing the project management performance at BORDA Vietnam. Thirdly, it is the research strategy. There are three categories of research strategy such as exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. To pursue the purpose of this research is to explore the understanding of the concepts of project management and the impacts of factors on the project management performance at BORDA Vietnam, the exploratory strategy is selected to use. Fourthly, it is research methodology. There are two methods when conducting the research generally. They are quantitative and qualitative. With each method there are advantages and disadvantages duing application. In this research, the qualitative method is chosen to apply due to its appropriateness for the topic of factors influencing the project management performance at BORDA Vietnam. Fifthly, it is the data collection and data processing that describes how the primary and secondary data will be collected and how the collected data will be analysed to have findings for the next chapters. Last but not least, it is ethical issues of the research. 3.1 Research philosophy Sauders at al. (2009) emphasises that the research philosophy relates to the development of knowledge and its nature. It will reflect the researchers view of the world and underpin the research strategy. There are different philosophies of the research such as positivism, realism, interpretivism and pragmatism and these belong to the research philosophy which is the first layer of the research onion (Sauder et al., 2009). Depending on the type of research topic which philosophy will be adopted in the research? 3.1.1 Positivism Positivism reflects the philosophical stance of the nature scientist (Sauder et al., 2009). The positivism philosophy is applied to the research for generating the existing theories to develop the hypotheses and these hypotheses will be tested with highly structured and large samples relating to the observation and numeric data. However, when observing the social reality (Sauder et al., 2009), the researcher is independent from which is observed. 3.1.2 Interpretivism In the management research, the interpretivism refers to the understanding difference between the human as social actors (Sauder at al., 2009:16) and the objects. It focuses on the subjective meanings and the interpretation of the meanings behind the social phenomena. By applying the interpretivism philosophy for the research, the qualitative methodology is more appropriate to help the researcher conduct the small sample with in-depth interview and focus group interview. Project management performance plays an important role in the success of the project. However, there are many factors but the research focusing on three key factors influencing the project management performance. The factors are leadership style, teamwork and staff motivation. For conducting the research, the interpretivism philosophy is selected to help the researcher interpret the meanings of contextual observations and collected information from interview. 3.2 Research approach Research approach relates to the theory of the research. It explicit the concerned questionnaires for survey or guidelines for interview. There are two different kinds of research approaches, deduction and induction. Sauder et al. (2009) pointed out that the deductive approach is when to develop the theory and hypotheses and the research strategy is designed to test those hypotheses. The deductive approach is believed to be more appropriate with the positivist philosophy. Other way round, it is inductive approach in which the data is collected and theory is developed as the results of data analysis. The inductive approach is considered more appropriate with the interpretivist philosophy. 3.2.1 Deductive approach Deductive approach involves in the development of theory and hypothesis. The data or findings from questionnaire survey, guideline interview and secondary sources are the results to be tested to confirm or reject the hypotheses (Gill and Johnson, 2010). This approach is suitable with large sample from the quantitative method. 3.2.2 Inductive approach Inductive approach allows the researcher to develop the theory base on analysis of the phenomena. The theory is developed based on the result of data analysis. Sauder et al (2009) suggested that the small sample conducted for the research is suitable with the inductive approach. The research on factors that influence the project management at BORDA is to pursue the purpose of identifying and analysing three burning factors really affecting the performance of project management at BORDA Vietnam. The small sample of interview with the managers and staffs of BORDA office and involved partners will be conducted. Therefore, the inductive approach is considered more appropriate to conduct this research. 3.3 Research strategy Research strategy plays an important role during conducting the research. According to Sauders at al. (2009:141) the research strategy helps to guide the research questions, objectives, the extent of existing knowledge, the amount of time, other available resources and to underpin the research philosophy. There are three categories of research strategy such as (1) exploratory, (2) descriptive and (3) explanatory (Yin, 2003, cited in Sauderset al.2009:141). Each category is valuable with different research purposes. However, it is pointed out that the purpose of enquiry may change over time (Robson, 2002, cited in Sauders et al, 2009:139). 3.3.1 Exploratory The exploratory strategy is useful to clarify the understanding of the phenomena by finding out what is happening, to seek new insights, to ask questions and to assess phenomena in a new light (Robson, 2002: 59, cited in Sauders et al., 2009:139). There are three principal ways of conducting the exploratory research: A research of the literature Interviewing experts in the subject Conducting focus group interviews (Sauders et al. 2009:140) 3.3.2 Descriptive The object of descriptive research is to portray an accurate profile of persons, events or situations (Robson, 2002:59, cited in Sauderset al.2009:140). It means that before the data is collected, it should be a clear picture of which data should be collected. However, the descriptive research is as one piece of exploratory research and also the explanatory research. 3.3.3 Explanatory Explanatory research focuses on explaining the relationship between variables (Sauderset al.2009:140) of a situation or a phenomena. This strategy is more quantitative in the research methodology. In addition, it can be a combination between the quantitative and qualitative methods in the research methodology by collecting the qualitative data for explanation of the reason to the phenomena or problem. The purpose of the research is to gain the understanding about the concept of project management and impacts of factors influencing the project management performance in BORDA Vietnam. In view of the foreging, the exploratory strategy is chosen to use in this research that helps the researcher to interpret the findings to the meanings of this research. 3.4 Research methodology There are two main types of research methods: (1) qualitative and (2) quantitative. Each method will be selected to use depending on specific research topic and analysis sample. 3.4.1 Qualitative method According to Sauders et al.,(2009:480) the qualitative data refers to all non-numeric data or data that have not been quantified and can be a product of all research strategies. There are many things in human life which may not be quantitative. They are no worse for that. If they are of non-quantitative nature, they can be investigated in terms of their own categories and such investigation is no less scientific than measurement (Michell, 1999:14, cited in Giorgi A, 2005:80). When conducting the qualitative research, the purpose is to understand the meanings expressed through words (Sauderset al.2009:482) of the problem or phenomena from real world settings (Golafshani N, 2003:600). The qualitative research means such methods like interviews and observations are dominant in the naturalist (interpretive) paradigm and supplementary in the positive paradigm ((Golafshani N, 2003:600). The qualitative data after being collected is inputed into the analysis process through three main types: Summarising (consideration) of meanings; Categorisation (grouping) of meanings; Structuring (ordering) of meanings using narrative. (Sauderset al.2009:490). 3.4.2 Quantitative method According to Ponterotto J.(2005:128), the quantitative method focuses on the strict quantification of observations (data) and on careful control of empirical variables. This method needs the large sample and uses of statistical procedures to examine the meanings and variables (Ponterotto and Grieger, 1999, cited in Ponterotto, 2005:128). The quantitative research helps the researcher familiarize with the problem or phenomena to be studied and develop the hypotheses to be tested through the quantitative techniques. The categories of quantitative method include (1) the emphasis is on facts and causes of behaviour (Bogdan and Biklen, 1998, cited in Golafshani N, 2003:597); (2) the information is in the form of numbers that can be quantified and summarised; (3) the mathematical process is the norm for analysing the numeric data and (4) the final result is expressed in statistical terminologies (Charles, 1995, cited in Golafshani N, 2005:598). From the different above definitions and concepts of research methods, the researcher select the qualitative method that is considered the most suitable and conceptual analysis shall be applied via observation of daily management work at BORDA Vietnam and the in depth interview to all staffs and managers of BORDA office and partners involving in the project. It is small sample. The qualitative method will help the researcher find out the key crucial factors affecting the performance of the project management. The qualitative method will be described through the research process in the figure below: Research objectives Theories relating to the project management Qualitative method, data collection: + Primary data: in-depth and group focus interview, daily observations + Secondary data: desk research Discussion and analysis of findings Identification of weaknesses corresponding causes in PM Recommendations solutions for improving PM performance Figure 3.1: Research process (Source: Authors design) 3.5 Data collection The data used for this research comes from both primary and secondary sources. 3.5.1 Secondary source Secondary data collection: the data will be collected from the books, articles, journals publication, reports, annual working plans, desk research, evaluations. These resources provide the information and data on the activities and project implementation at BORDA Vietnam. 3.5.2 Primary data In-depth interview: the in-depth interviews will be conducted with 15 staffs of BORDA office and involved partners, 2 focus group interviews for staffs and managers to collect their opinions, comments and assessments on current project management performance and the factors influencing the project management performance at BORDA Vietnam. The contents of the in-depth interview guideline shall be flexible and subject to the persons interviewed to be able to get the best results for analysis, summarising and consolidation. The tentative duration for the interviews shall last from 15 October to 31 October 2012. The primary data collected through the interviews is used to give insights into the main factors influencing the project management performance within the implementation progress. Observation from daily management work: The researcher is a part of this team, so that the daily management work at BORDA Vietnam will be observed. 3.6 Data processing The information and data from the interviews shall be collected, summarised, consolidated and analysed to see the problems of project management and examined whether the factors such as leadership style, team work and staff motivation have an effect on the performance of the project management at BORDA Vietnam or not. The feedback from the interviewees is also considered the useful inputs for the recommendations and solutions of the researcher. 3.7 Research ethics In the scope of this research, the researcher focus on examining the practices of financial and human resource management to the project management performance at BORDA Vietnam in the period of 2011 2013. Because of time limits, the research cannot be conducted for other factors such as the role of management of quality, information system, knowledge, relationship, etc. to the project management performance. The research will use both the secondary and primary data, especially the in-depth interview questions for information collection. Before interviewing, the researcher will ask the potential interviewees directly or through emails and telephones for their convenience and agreement of spending time and providing the information, opinions. Without agreement, the researcher will not provide the name of interviewees in the research or any sensitive information will be kept confidentially for the researcher only. Moreover, this is an independent study from the point of view of the researcher. The findings and recommendations will be proposed to the high management level of BORDA to help improve the project management performance of project implementation in Vietnam. Chapter summary Through this chapter, the researcher describes the picture of how the research will be conducted and how data is collected and analysed. After studying about the different types of research philosophy, approach, strategy, method the researcher select: Research philosophy: interpretivism Research approach: inductive Research strategy: exploratory Research method: qualitative The findings from the in depth interviews with individuals of 15 interviewees and two focus group interviews for staffs and managers of BORDA Vietnam and involved partner VAWR/ CTIC and from the daily observation of the management work as well as from the desk research of the secondary data, the meanings shall be summarised, categorised ans structured (Sauders et al., 2009:490) The research ethics are mentioned at the end of this chapter. The researcher will ask for acceptance of using the personal information from the interviewees. Without the agreement, it will be considered the confidential information and will not be displayed in the research.